Essay on The History of Veterinary Medicine - 2072 Words

The history of veterinary medicine dates back to the earliest of times. Early in time it was not considered a science, but referred to as an art. This was a crude and sometimes barbaric practice. It was not until the ancient Romans that the treatment of animals became more serious. However even then their understanding was still at the very basic level of comprehension, with their entire focus on the maintenance of military horses, which led to the development of farriers. The largest advancement did not come until the 1400s to the 1700s thru the accumulate understanding of anatomy of animals and even people and the development of veterinary science and the founding of the first School of Veterinary Medicine in Lyons France. The†¦show more content†¦The final and most important link between the development of the first Veterinary school is Veterinary Medicine is the only female dominated professional career field within our current point in history. The development of the ve terinarian field has had a large and instrumental impact on our society today, with the largest impact seen on women of our current modern society. It wasn’t until the great artist Leonardo da Vinci studied the anatomy animals did the understanding of these creatures begin to truly develop. â€Å"Among his works are marvelous drawings of the external anatomical appearances and behavioral characteristics of humans, horses, oxen, and cats† (Dunlop, 1996, p.237). da Vinci thru-out his life evolved in to drawing the internal structures of a wide variety of animals. This was the first in-depth look into the working structures, as well as a basic comprehension of the internal structures of different species. Leonardo’s work ultimately helped pave the road for the first truly significant publication on veterinary anatomy, a textbook based on the anatomical properties of the horse called Dell Anatomia et dell Infirmita del Cavallo ( On the Anatomy and Diseases of the Ho rse), by Carlo Ruini Jr.. Because of the in-depth work of Ruini other scholars began working on the structures and anatomical qualities of other animal,Show MoreRelatedTechnology Has Made A Huge Impact On The World And Society Today1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout veterinary medicine including: clinical technology, communication technologies, and educational technologies (The Nerdy Vet, 2013). These technologies are mainly used throughout the field and each category contains different capabilities. Although there are positive and negative outcomes to using these different technologies, they all serve a purpose! Evolution of technology in Veterinary Medicine Technology has come a long way as far as medicine. The biggest change in veterinary medicine hasRead MoreAnimal Health Problems Of Veterinarians1160 Words   |  5 Pagesstates in the US require veterinarians be licensed. Future veterinarians should focus their studies on Veterinarians science and medicine. To become a veterinarian it is required that they obtain a license before applying. Being a veterinarian requires extensive knowledge, preparation, and a challenging work experience. Veterinarians, or Doctors of Veterinary Medicine (DVM or VMD), can work with a variety of animals, from family pets to livestock to zoo animals. These professionals are concernedRead MoreDo You Want to Become a Veterinarian? Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesis veterinary medicine! Some important things you need to know if you are interested in becoming a vet are schooling, the different types of vets, and the logistics of being a vet. Schooling In order to become a vet, years of schooling is involved. Planning ahead, some courses that should have already been taken before college are many science classes such as biology, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, zoology, microbiology, and animal science. Most of them are required by veterinary medicine programsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Animal Farm1114 Words   |  5 Pagesto care and adopt and care for animals who need assistance. The history of animals began way in the ancient times but became more coordinated when people began to study it. The first school to teach veterinarian medicine is Lyons, France in 1762. Each student must complete a four year at a training school before attending a veterinary school. Veterinary school takes another 4 years. The previously records of veterinarian medicine began in China and Egypt the dates began around 3500 B.C... A GreekRead MorePets are important members of the family. In more than 60% of households in the United States today1200 Words   |  5 Pagespurposes, and a vets job is to make sure they are healthy and stay that way. What we call veterinary medicine† has been around as long as people and animals have worked and lived together, according to â€Å"Care of pets, and a history of Veterinary medicine.† The veterinarian dates back from 4,000B.C up to 2,500. The earliest veterinarian work was found in China, Rome, Egypt, and Europe. People that study history have found Chinese writings about the diseases of horses, oxen, and buffalos that dates allRead MoreVeterinary Technology Careers780 Words   |  4 Pages1101 April 28, 2010 Evaluation: A Veterinary Technician Career For many years I have struggled with a career choice. I have known for quite some time that I wanted to do something with animals but I wasn’t sure what that was. When I began my freshman year in college I was on the line of whether I wanted to be a full on Veterinarian or get a degree as a Veterinary Technician. Now, with the end of my freshman year approaching, I have decided to be a Veterinary Technician. Although some believe thatRead MoreTm College Essay757 Words   |  4 Pages Texas AM University I chose Texas am because it one of the best veterinary schools in the united states i also chose it because its the closest university to home and i dont have to go out of state to become what ive always wanted. My steps to become a veterinarian is to take my basics (2 years) at stc then transfer to texas am. Located in College Station, Texas, Texas AM University Veterinary is a large four year public college offering both undergrad and graduate programsRead MoreAlternative Medicines for Animals: Herbs and Acupuncture Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesInstitutes of Healths National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine states that according to the institute’s latest research, Its clear that millions of Americans every year are turning to complementary and alternative medicine. With greener cures for themselves on the mind, many pet owners and farmers have been considering the benefits of alternative medicines on animals- two of the most popular forms being herbal medicine and acupuncture. From working animals to house pets, all animalsRead MoreA Dog Is A Man s Best Friend1600 Words   |  7 Pagesfact that it is a remarkable focus on animals who have no voice. This essay, which will include the research of the career history of a Veterinarian, the different types, the requirements to become a successful Veterinarian and the impact this career has on society and the common schooling process that many people in this career have gone through. The history of the Veterinary field dates back to 1800 BCE in India.Animals were reportedly being treated and taken care of in a way that a professionalRead MoreCareer as a Veterinary Technician Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesVeterinary technicians are like the techies of the theatre; the organization would be able to function without them, but it would be much harder. Things run a lot more smoothly with vet techs. There are multiple benefits that come with being a veterinary technician. These benefits include, but are not limited to, a high job outlook, great room for advancement, and only two years of schooling (depending on the route you take). Above all, the animals, who aren’t always able to help themselves, are

Social Media Marketing Campaigns Free Essay Example, 2500 words

This paper illustrates that social media marketing campaigns are series of planned activities using the social media to persuade consumers and members of the public that an organization s or a company s, products or services are valuable. Today many people have access to the internet and so they visit social media sites. Therefore, companies who choose to venture into social media marketing campaigns will establish a large customer base and improve their reputation. Social media marketing campaigns are interactive in nature and this gives the public an opportunity to air their views about a company; its products and services. This may happen in the form of compliments or criticism. When a company is commended for good work, it should endeavor to maintain and improve the same. Criticisms should be taken very positively because they are meant to steer positive change in the organization. For instance, if people complain about the branding of a particular commodity, the marketing exper ts should ensure that the branding is changed to suit the tastes of consumers. Different companies have used social media networks to market their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Marketing Campaigns or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Signing up alone is not enough; the marketing team of the business entity must ensure that a large social network is developed in order to reach as many people as possible with a persuasive message. Different sites have different ways of enhancing connectivity and communication with the target groups. For instance, you can add friends on MySpace, and poke or write on the walls in the case of Facebook connections.

Kate Chopin Gives a Womans Voice to Realism Essay example

Kate Chopin Gives a Womans Voice to Realism Kate Chopin succeeded in giving a womans voice to realism. While doing this she sacrificed her career. This seems to be a higher order of feminism than repeating the story of a woman as victim...Kate Chopin gives her female protagonist the central role, normally reserved for the man, in a meditation on identity and culture, consciousness, and art. (Robinson 3) The role of woman in the society Chopin creates is of special interest and relevance. (Robinson 6) Introduction to Kate Chopin Before Kate Chopin came onto the writing scene, women had an insignificant role in society. Women never did anything that would cause some sort of controversy. All literature focused around†¦show more content†¦Kate Chopins popularity was evident until critical disapproval of this novel. (Allen 54) The main character is Edna Pontiellier. A rather handsome woman. Her face was captivating by reason of a certain frankness of expression and a contradictory subtle play of features. Her manner was engaging. (Chopin 4) Unlike many other women characters of that time. Edna smoked, and often took walks along the beach, unescorted. That was something most women would never be caught doing. Kate Chopin created and unforgettable character that other women writers of that time would seldom create or write about.(Allen 23) Edna Pontiellier is a happily married woman in the beginning of the novel. She is living in a rich New Orleans neighborhood. She is somewhat of an outcast because she does unconventional things. Eventhough she is married and is supposed to be with her husband, she is often seen with another young man. This character is Robert Leburn. The more time Edna spends with Robert, the more she becomes attached. Other characters in this novel openly speculate what is going on between these two. As the novel continues, Edna begins her awakening. She realizes that she is falling in love with Robert. She also feels much stronger as an independent woman. As the novel draws to a close, Edna and Robert confess their love for eachother. Later on, EdnaShow MoreRelatedEssay on Romanticism, Realism and Local Color in The Awakening1018 Words   |  5 PagesRomanticism, Realism and Local Color in The Awakening nbsp; Kate Chopin is an author who was born in 1851 and died in 1904.nbsp; Her father died when she was young, and her husband died when she was thirty-one leaving her with six children.nbsp; Due to this, she had little male influence throughout her life.nbsp; This may possibly be why she had so little inhibition when writing her novels.nbsp; She seemed to concentrate on the oppression of women and presented socially unacceptable ideasRead More American Literature: Kate Chopin, and Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman1506 Words   |  6 Pagesantebellum era writers are Kate Chopin, and Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman. These two women made a big impact in the American history. Both of these women were very important writers, and well known for their American romance fiction short stories. Chopin’s and Freeman’s short stories were very interesting because they talked about real day by day events. People liked their short stories, because sometimes they identified their selves with the c haracters of the stories. Freeman and Chopin wrote several shortRead MoreEssay on Kate Chopin and Edna Pontellier as Feminists1554 Words   |  7 PagesKate Chopin and Edna Pontellier as Feminists Kate Chopin is known for her literary works that depict culture in New Orleans, Louisiana, and of womens struggles for freedom. She was born Katherine OFlaherty in Missouri, and later married Oscar Chopin in 1870. He was a Creole cotton trader from New Orleans. Later they moved to a plantation near Cloutierville, Louisiana, where her husband died in 1882. She returned to Missouri with her six children, and began her writing career. She beganRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 PagesHeinrich-Heine-Università ¤t Wintersemester 2010/11 Vertiefungsmodul Kurs: American Realism and Naturalism - Short Stories Seminarleiter: Georg Schiller Datum der Abgabe: 16.04.2011 Female Empowerment in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† Anjana Dhir BA Englisch KF, Geschichte NF 3. Semester Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The FrenchRead More Women’s Self-Discovery During Late American Romanticism / Early Realism3300 Words   |  14 Pagesrecognized way too late. During the late romantic/early realism period numerous women found success in writing despite the fact that they may have encountered numerous obstacles in their path. The characters these women wrote about almost have a kinship with themselves bringing out certain personality traits not seen written about women before. From these traits a voice emerges in literature that has been hidden from the public view. This new true voice of female self-discovery finally comes out for theRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Yellow Wallpaper1086 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Berenji, Fahimeh Q. Time and Gender in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† and Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, vol. 2, no. 2, 1 Jan. 2013, pp. 221-234, Database: MLA International Bibliography -- Publications. kutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr/index.php. Accessed 18 Nov. 2017. The short story written by Fahimeh Q. Basenji, he shares in his writings about â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper and Story of an Hour†. In the journal,Read MoreResearch Paper on Kate Chopin and the Feminism in Her Works2066 Words   |  9 PagesAp English 08 27 April 2012 Kate Chopin: Feminism in Her Works â€Å"Love and passion, marriage and independence, freedom and restraint.† These are the themes that are represented and worked with throughout Kate Chopin’s works. Kate Chopin, who was born on February 8, 1851, in St. Louis, was an American acclaimed writer of short stories and novels. She was also a poet, essayist, and a memoirist. Chopin grew up around many women; intellectual women that is. Chopin said herself that she was neitherRead MoreThe Awakening Feminism Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pageshusbands were comfortable after long days of work. As years pass, women begin to find work, attain a voter rights and even began owning properties, which begin to separate them from the men of society. As I begin to read the book The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, she introduced a character by the name of Edna. She was looked at as a feminist. Edna longed for her freedom and independence away from her loveless marriage. Edna was tired of living up to the standard of her father and family in which they acceptedRead MoreThe Reception And Influence Of Rebecca Harding Davis2118 Words   |  9 Pagesclasses. However, Rebecca Harding Davis observed the suffering of all humanity and decided to give everyone a voice through her writings. Throughout her career, Davis wrote an innumerable amount of works advocating for equal rights among all people, right up until her death in 1910. The following paper will analyze and discuss the reception and influence that Rebecca Harding Davis’s works of literary realism had on the hierarchy of society, in relation to class, from the nineteenth century to the presentRead More Kate Chopins Awakening - Edna Pontellier as Master of Her Destiny3367 Words   |  14 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Kate Chopins The Awakening, the main character, Edna leaves her husband to find place in the world. Edna believes her new sexually independent power will make her master of her own life. But, as Martin points out, she has overestimated her strength and is still hampered by her limited ability to direct her energy and to master her emotions (22). Unfortunately, Edna has been educated too much in the traditions of society and not enough in reason and independent survival, admitting

The New Colossus By Emma Lazarus - 955 Words

Introduction: Attention: â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free† (Emma Lazarus). This sentence can be found in the poem â€Å"The New Colossus,† written by Emma Lazarus in 1883. It can also be found inscribed on the Statue of Liberty towering over the New York Harbor, a bright beacon symbolizing the freedom and democracy we hold so esteemed in America. Immigrants founded the United States and immigrants are arguably who made our nation so great. However, when immigrants do not follow the process to acquire legal citizenship into the United States is when the problems arise. Thesis: People have been immigrating to the US for decades and is something our nation was founded on; however, when it is left unregulated, it can have many adverse affects. Preview: Today, I will be addressing how illegal immigration impacts us and I will be introducing a policy to address the problem. Transition to first main point: To start, there are multiple problems that result from illegal immigration. Body: Population levels have risen drastically, partially due to increased illegal immigration activity, that affects the job market for Americans. According to Jens Krogstad and Jeffrey Passel, senior demographers at the Pew Research Center, there were 11 million illegal (undocumented) immigrants living in the US in 2014 of 320 million and that number is growing by 700,000 a year. According to Alan Gomez of USA Today, author of â€Å"Depolarizing the ImmigrationShow MoreRelatedThe New Colossus By Emma Lazarus2140 Words   |  9 PagesBetween 1877 and 1945 did the United States live up to Emma Lazarus poem which is engraved on the Statue of Liberty? While, reading her poem â€Å"The New Colossus†, there was a sense that Emma Lazarus believed that the United States of America would had let anyone come into the state no matter of what the person’s situation and/or lifestyle they lived, basically â€Å"what happens in their country stays in their country†, America would be a fresh new start of life. The way she viewed America and the wayRead MoreEmma Lazarus Poem : The New Colossus740 Words   |  3 Pagesbeside the golden door!†. This poem entitled The New Colossus, written by Emma Lazarus. The poem was engraved at the foot of the Statue of Liberty. The immigrants who came to eastern of America would eventually arrived at New York h arbor. They would passed through the Statue of Liberty and seen the poem below it. They began their new life with this poem. In recent years, some policies have passed to limit the immigrants. Discrimination is more severe. The new immigrants especially who are not white facedRead MoreThe American Dream In The New Colossus716 Words   |  3 PagesTravel back to June 17, 1885. It is a summer New York day, and the statue of liberty has just arrived on American grounds. The lady herself was a gift from the French to the United States as a sign of friendship. However, on the bottom of the statue, there is a plaque with a poem. This poem is known as â€Å"The New Colossus,† By Emma Lazarus. â€Å"The New Colossus† set a foundation for what the United States morals were built on. One might argue if Americans should still abide to this poem. Though it hasRead MoreThe New Colossus By Jane Addams Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesobservers to be concerned with how these new arri vals would fit in to American society. Emma Lazarus in â€Å"The New Colossus†, Jane Addams in Twenty Years at Hull House, Walt Whitman in â€Å"Crossing the Brooklyn Ferry†, Theodore Roosevelt in American Ideals, and Thomas Aldrich in â€Å"Unguarded Gates† are just a few names in American Literature who use their work as a medium to voice their opinions on the issue of immigration. Emma Lazarus’s poem, â€Å"The New Colossus†, has become the fundamental expression ofRead MoreThe Bean Trees Literary Analysis1339 Words   |  6 PagesIn the famous poem The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus, America is deemed a land of â€Å"world wide welcome† for those who seek a new place to call home. The Statue of Liberty is established early on in the piece as a symbol of freedom and protection, a statue symbolic of the spirit of America. In the piece, Lazarus refers to immigrants as the â€Å"poor, huddled masses† to whom the United States offers a pair of open â€Å"golden doors.† However, many immigrants today feel far removed from the land of freedom referencedRead MoreAmy Tan Two Kinds Paper1414 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican society. Why does the American Dream influence the Chinese culture? The American dream has a powerful influence on new arrivals in the U.S.A. The burden of these dreams usually falls more heavily upon the shoulders of American born children of immigrants. Often immigrant parents are willing to sacrifice everything including careers, family, and property, to pursue new lives in America. Different cultures view the U.S.A differently. The American dream has a different point of view fromRead MoreThe Statue of Liberty: Meaning of the Statue of Liberty Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pageswoman holding aloft a torch, it stands at the entrance to New York harbor on a 12-acre land known as Bedloe’s or Liberty Island. The Statue of Liberty symbolizes freedom throughout the world, democracy as well as international friendship. As a result, many immigrants’ hearts warmed up as they beheld the symbolic woman welcoming them to the land of numerous opportunities. As such, the poet Emma Lazarus composed the poem The New Colossus. The idea of the statue was born at the home of EdouardRead MoreThe American Dream704 Words   |  3 Pageswith the hope of new opportunities and a better life, which America had offered. America offered equal opportunity for everyone and the dream began. Although many Americans dreams differ because of personal experience, the American Dream is getting to the place where you are the happiest. When anyone comes over to America they automatically have the chance to do or achieve something great. In The New Colossus By Emma Lazarus she describes the Statue of Liberty that greets new people coming intoRead MoreImmigration Laws Essay examples1213 Words   |  5 Pagesbanned immigrants that were destitute, mentally ill or had a contagious disease. The government also established a 50-cent head tax on each immigrant. Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor... from the Emma Lazarus poem The New Colossus lists as one of the most famous verses in American history. It is ironic that Lazarus wrote it in1882 in celebration of the erection of the Statue of Liberty which has become the iconic symbol of America as a welcoming beacon for a nation of immigrants. The Statue of LibertyRead MoreThe Importance Of Refugee Camps722 Words   |  3 Pagesstateless people.† (UNHCR.org) Undoubtedly, one of the worst refugee crisis’ took place during World War II when over 30 countries and 1.9 billion people worldwide fought against each other. After the war, more than six million refugees fled to seek new homes. Beyond that, myriads of European countries possessed their own complications to concern about, and spared no land to refugees. A large number of European refugees fled to Syria. Moreover, refugee camps are important to today’s society because

Ruthless Paper Writings Strategies Exploited

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Why Did the Liberals Win the 1906 General Election by a Landslide free essay sample

Those who see it as a positive win for the Liberals argue it is due to the bringing in on New Liberalism and its plans on Social Reform, at a time when the welfare of the majority of citizens, the working class, was becoming a key concern. The issues that had split the Liberal Party had been put to one side, like Irish Home Rule and The Boer War was over, which meant the party was stronger because there was agreement throughout. They were strongly united over the issue of Free Trade which was very popular among voters, especially working class, as they feared food prices would increase from Tariff Reform. The Liberals also cleverly used the downfalls of the Conservatives and exploited them at this time, for example, they using the Conservatives misjudgements regarding education and licensing and promising Welsh Disestablishment they were able to win the votes of a lot of non-conformists. Another key factor in the Liberals win was the Lib-Lab pact, by making this deal, they tried to ensure a majority vote for the centre and left wing parties which was a smart move. However, others have argued that rather than showing a positive reaction to progressive Liberalism, the result reflected an overwhelming rejection of Conservative policies. The main and perhaps one of the most damaging issue for the Conservatives was the Boer War; though it had originally benefited the Conservatives in 1900, promoting patriotism and helping them win the 1900 election, by 1906 there had been more deaths than Britain expected and it had been much more drawn out. The Boer War also helped unveil the poverty and need for Social Reform by that time, which the Liberals exploited the Conservatives for supposedly neglecting this and by this time the Liberals had healed the splits in their party. Another very damaging issue for the Conservatives was the tariff reform campaign and was probably the Conservative biggest policy misjudgement; when this was introduced in 1903 many voters were very unhappy. Not only working class, but also middle class were worried that this would mean an increase in food prices and feared for their living conditions; furthermore this issue split the Conservatives, and many people do not wish to vote for a split party – this issue had in fact helped reunite the Liberal party, strengthening them and making the Conservatives appear more incompetent. The 1902 Education Act and the 1904 Licensing Act outraged many of the nonconformists and lost their vote for the Conservatives, many of these nonconformists were part of Wales, giving the Liberals an advantage in swinging the vote in marginal constituencies. The nonconformists were also very unpleased over the Chinese Labour Issue; however, this issue also damaged the vote of the trade unionists. They feared that the low working Chinese would be shipped over to Britain, lowering wages, and with unemployment high in 1905 opposition to the issue took votes away from the Conservatives. Again upsetting the trade unionists, was the Taff Vale case, many were outraged at the lack of support of the Conservatives and were encouraged to vote Labour. Many believe that the Liberals promoted Social Reforms to high degrees; however, not many Liberal MPs could be considered Social Radicals. It was more cleverly played that the Liberals exploited the Conservatives’ lack of Social Reforms. Poverty was becoming more and more apparent in Britain and the Liberals used this to say that the Conservatives were neglecting many of the voters and letting this happen, this meant that many working class voters voted for the Liberals and lost any loyalty they may have had for the Conservatives. Lastly, the leadership at this time for the Conservatives was at one of its weakest points at that time, A. J. Balfour had failed to listen to the public’s opinions on many issues, meaning the negative reactions were ignored rather than fixed. He allowed Joseph Chamberlain to issue the tariff reform campaign, a main factor in their loss; and was indirectly responsible to the timing of the 1906 election due to his unusual decision to step down his government. Due to the First Post System, the number of seats is not proportional to the percentage of votes. This means whether the 1906 election was a ‘landslide’ win was questionable. Although the Liberals has an outstanding number of 358 seats in parliament, against a less impressive 157 from the Conservatives, when looking at the percentage of voting the Liberals only scored 49%. This is not the majority vote, however due to the system it is counted by seats. So depending on how it is looked at – the Liberals didn’t win by such a huge amount. However, basing it on the First Post system in place, which counts the number of seats in parliament, the Liberals beat the Conservatives by an incredible amount. In conclusion by focusing on the failings of the previous Conservative government, the Liberals were able to enjoy a wide appeal across the political and social spectrum. The slogan of free trade was a policy that resonated with a broad audience, reluctant to see food prices rise as a result of the Conservative inclination towards tariff reform. The Governments use of forced Chinese labour aroused moral concern, particularly amongst Nonconformists, already incensed by the 1902 Education Act and 1904 Licensing Act. The trade unions were equally disgruntled by the Conservatives failure to reverse the Taff Vale judgement. In this sense, the result can be viewed as much as ‘landslide lose’ for Conservatism as a ‘landslide win’ for Liberalism. If the system had been different, the win may not have been as dynamic, and the Conservatives may have had a slight higher chance. However it can easily be said that the reason for the Liberals landslide win in 1906 was due to the Conservatives huge failure, made up of many poorly judged decisions, rather than a great success in the Liberals’ policies.

Finance and Accounting Business Economic Profit

Question: Discuss about the Finance and Accounting for Business Economic Profit. Answer: This report analyses the various ratios trend for AEFFE and finds out the companys economic profit. Further, a capital budgeting project is evaluated for the case company. Finally, a review is presented of the work received from the three fellow students. Step 1: Ratio analysis and economic profit Ratio analysis: It is the analysis of financial statement data such as income statement, trading account, cash flow and balance sheet. Ratio analysis finds the companys profitability, liquidity, efficiency, financial structure, and companys solvency. The ratio analyses of the AEFFE are as followed. AEFFE RATIOS Years ended 31 December 2015 2014 2013 2012 Profitability Ratios Net Profit Margin Net profit after tax/sales 1% 1.59% -0.78% -1.27% Return on Assets Net profit after tax/total assets 0.5% 1.1% -0.5% -0.9% Efficiency (or Asset Management) Ratios Days of Inventory Inventory/av.daily cost of goods sold 60.06% 57.96% 52.06% 54.12% Total Asset Turnover Ratio Sales/total assets 0.71 1.55 0.69 0.68 Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio Current assets/current liabilities 1.12 1.06 1.01 0.95 Financial Structure Ratios Debt/Equity Ratio Debt/equity 152.3% 97.8% 155.2% 153.5% Equity Ratio Equity/total assets 39.6% 39.6% 39.2% 39.4% Market Ratios Earnings per Share (EPS) Net profit after tax/number of issued ordinary shares 0.16 0.38 (0.19) (0.31) Dividends per Share (DPS) Dividends/number of issued ordinary shares 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Price Earnings Ratio Market price per share/earnings per share 187.00 26.33 (22.33) (20.67) Ratios Based on Reformulated Financial Statements Return on Equity (ROE) Comprehensive Income/shareholders' equity 0.0007% 0.0027% -0.0014% -0.0020% Return on Net Operating Assets (RNOA) Operating income after tax (OI)/net operating assets (NOA) 0.71% 1.13% -0.57% -0.90% Net Borrowing Cost (NBC) Net fin. expenses after tax/net financial obligations 1.80% 3.65% 4.99% 2.56% Profit Margin (PM) Operating income after tax (OI)/sales 0.64% 1.59% -0.78% -1.27% Asset Turnover (ATO) Sales/net operating assets (NOA) 1.12 1.07 1.06 1.04 Economic profit (RNOA - cost of capital) x net operating assets (NOA) (2,680,580.0) (2,859,300.0) (2,332,640.0) (3,007,770.0) Profitability ratio: profitability ratio shows the profitability and earning capability of the organization. The major ratios that include in this are net profit margin and return on asset ratio (Tracy, 2012). The AEFFE net profit margin in year2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 are -1.27%, -.78%, 1.59% and 1%. It shows that the net profit of the company is in positive in last 2 years; only in year 2012, 2013 it was in negative. The return on assets of the AEFFE in the year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are -.09%, -.05%, 1.1%, .5%. These all ratio indicates that the companies earning was not good in the year 2012 and 2013 but now it is good in last two years. Efficiency Ratio: The efficiency ratio shows how efficient organization is to do the productive work. The efficiency ratio includes the various ratios such as days of inventory, total asset turnover ratio (Edmonds et al, 2015). The day of inventory ratio of the AEFFE is increasing consistently. In year 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 day of inventory ratio is 153.5%, 155.2%, 97.8% and 152.3%. This all data shows that only in year 2014 there is the dip, otherwise it consistently increasing. It shows that in every year, there is a hike, which is good for the company. Along with this, the total asset turnover ratio, which shows the efficiency of the sales over total asset are .68, .69, 1.55 and .71 between year 2012 to 2015.The efficiency ratio of the company shows that the overall business efficiency of the company is average. Liquidity ratio The liquidity ratio shows the companys total liquidity and represents the companys ability to meet short-term obligations. Every company wants that there liquidity position should be good. The major ratio that includes in the liquidity ratio is current ratio and the quick ratio. The current ratio shows the current liquidity position of the company, it shows that presently how much liquidity company have and is they able to do the current day to day operations smoothly (Warren et al, 2013). The current ratio of the AEFFE in year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is 0.95, 1.01, 1.6 and 1.12. This data shows that AEFFE current liquidity position is good, it has a sustainable growth in the last four years. Therefore, the liquidity position of the company is good; company is able to meet all the obligations perfectly. Financial Structure Ratios financial structure ratios are one of the main ratios that shows the financial structures strength. The ratio that includes in the financial structure ratio are debt/ equity ratio and equity ratio (Edmonds et al, 2015). The debt equity ratio shows the relationship between debts and equities. The companys debt equity ratio between years 2012 to 2015 are 152.3%, 97.8%, 155.20% and 153.50%. Along with this, the equity ratio shows the relationship between equity and total assets. The equity ratio of the company is 39.4%, 39.2%, 39.6% and 39.6% between year 2012 to 2015.The financial structure ratio of the company shows that in year 2014 and 2015, the conditions improved. Market ratio Market ratio shows the market condition of the company. This ratio includes earning per share, dividend per share and price earnings ratio. The earrings per share ratio shows the total earnings of the shareholder, means what are the earnings on shares that they get. The earnings per share ratio of the AEFFE in year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 is -.31, -.19, .38 and .16. In the year 2012 and 2013 the company shareholder had not get any earnings but in year 2014 and 2015 shareholders get sufficient amount of returns (Yahoo finance, 2016). Along with this, the price earnings ratio that show the relationship between the market per share and the earning per share are -20.67, -22.33, 26.33 and 187 between year 2012 and 2015. Ratios Based on Reformulated Financial Statements There are some ratios, which are calculated based on reformulated financial statement. These ratios are return on equity, return on net operating asset, net borrowing cost, profit margin, and asset turnover ratio. Return on equity shows the actual return that come out from the equities and it shows the relationship between comprehensive income and the shareholder equity (Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). The return on equity of year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are.0020%, .0014%, 0027% and .0007%. The return on equity of the company is average, there is no such a big negativity as well as high positivity are there in the data. Along with this, the return on net operating asset is -.90%, -.57%, 1.13% and .71%. This shows that return on net operating asset of the company was not good in the year 2012 and 2013 but in the year 2014 and 2015, it comes positive. Additionally, the asset turnover ratio in the year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are 1.04, 1.06, 1.07 and 1.12. The asset turnover ratio shows t he net operating asset and the sales of the company. The net borrowing cost of the company in year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are 2.56%, 4.99%, 3.65% and 1.805. Moreover, the profit margin ratio shows the margin of profit. The profit margin of the company between year 2012 to year 2015 are -1.27%, -.78%, 1.59% and .64%. Economic profit The gap between the profit from sales and the opportunity cost input is term as economic profit or loss. If value comes positive then it is profit and if not then it is loss. economic profit particular 2012 2013 2014 2015 comprehensive operating income 8821 6029 12029 5884 net operating assets 356268 346220 353554 359617 return on non operating assets 2.475945075 1.741378314 3.402309124 1.636185164 less: cost of capital 10 10 10 10 -7.524054925 -8.258621686 -6.597690876 -8.363814836 multiply: net operating asset 356268 346220 353554 359617 economic profit or loss -2680580 -2859300 -2332640 -3007770 The gap between the profit from sales and the opportunity cost input is term as economic profit or loss. If value comes positive then it is profit and if not then it is loss. The AEFFE has economic loss in the year 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, which is -2680580, -2859300, -2332640 and -3007770. It shows that there is a big gap between the actual and the desired results. This will effect negatively on companies growth. Brief commentary: Honestly I had difficulty in calculating the economic profit because I am first time calculating the ratios and economic profit. First time I had a chance to show my knowledge as well as experience with this assignment. I had an issue in calculation of the comprehensive income that poked my nerves. However, I feel great working on this assignment that helped me to improve my knowledge and skills that will help me in my future career. Through the assignment, I have learnt the basic concept of the ratios and use of ratios in financial statement analysis. Step 2: Capital Investment Development of Capital Investments Payback period NPV IRR Project A 4.2 309009 13% Project B 3.75 530277 15% The capital investment or budgeting techniques can aid the company in identifying the best profitable amongst different investment options from two or various alternatives available before it . This shows the risk and profits associated with the investment options clearly and concisely that helps in selecting the best option (Pratt, and Grabowski, 2010). There are two-investment proposal for the AEFFE each will be assessed in terms of profitability and risk associated with them. The AEFFE proposed to invest in new fashion products to extend the product lines and market growth. The company assessed two proposals using payback period, NPV, and IRR. The assessment result of the projects given below: In the above table, the assessment findings have been shown. The payback period in recovering the investment is higher for the project A (4.2Years) but the same is lesser for the project B comparatively (3.75 Years). Along with this, the net present value of the investment in project A is 309009 that is lesser than the Project B of which net present value is 530277. Furthermore, the internal rate of return for the project A is 13% and project B is 15%. It means project B is more flexible than project A and the provide minimum return of 15% on the investment that is higher than the Project A. Recommendation: Based on the above assessment of two projects available with AEFFE, it can be recommended that the AEFFE should go with the Project B. Because the project B is providing the higher expected return as well as is having the higher net present value. Based on this rationality, the project B can be recommended to the AEFFE to invest in. Strength and weakness of analysis: Strength of analysis: The NPV considers the present value of the return to be earned in the future and represent clearly the potential of the investment in the project and it evaluates which project is having more potential to generate more revenue against other project (Riley et al, 2015). IRR indicates the minimum rate of return on the investment, which helps in selecting the best feasible project over others. The payback period states the time under that the investment in the project is possibly recovered. It helps in determining which project has the potential to cover the investment in lesser period. Weakness of analysis: The NPV does not consider the duration, complexity of the project in the analysis. At the same time, the internal rate of return does not take the extra cost of the project into consideration while assessing the project. Any contingency or uncertainty can give the huge cost to the project that may affect the return from the project. It is not considered in the IRR assessment of the projects (lara et al, 2011). Along with this, payback period provides the information of the time span to be required in recollecting the investment amount but does not consider the time value of the money invested. Step3: Feedback Feedback to Thien Quoc Huynh: Thein, I liked your work as you have provided the basic concept of the calculation and interpretation of the ratios, economic profit, and capital investment decision. You have covered all the ratios that are able to provide the basic and important information of the performance of the company. The assignment includes the proper calculation of the ratios, and states that what they represent about the company performance. It encompasses the meaning, concepts of the ratios. The calculations of all the ratios are correct and the commentary is outstanding too. Your followed a good format in representing your ideas. Apart from this, you have well assessed the two projects for the capital investment. You genially explained your thoughts in the step 2 of the capital investment decision. You have calculated NPV, IRR, and Payback that gives the good base for selecting the project. You nicely calculated the NPV, IRR, payback period and assessed them. But you have not shown the economic profit c alculation and commentary well. You should separate it from the ratio calculation. The commentary of the economic profit is missing in the assignment. Apart from this, you should assess the strength and analysis of the capital investment techniques that will make your assignment better. Overall, you have expressed good ideas and thoughts in the assignment and concluded very well of your study that gives the brief ideas about the analysis. I think the work you have done can be recited as a great work. Feedback to Brook Todd: Brook, if I assess your work overall then it appears good about the clarity of the concepts of ratios, economic profit, and capital investment techniques and their calculations too. Your calculation of the ratios is correct and presentation seems outstanding. Nevertheless, you can make it more attractive and give it more rationality by benchmarking the ratios of CALIDA Group with other firms for its comparison. Else, you have done nice job in clearing the concept, calculation and presentation of the ration analysis in the assignment. Along with this, in economic profit you have shown your creativity and presentation skill that is truly appluadable. Moreover, one thing I would say that you could add on some commentary about your calculation and presentation of the economic profit that would brief your efforts. Lastly, your capital investment decision you provided to the CALIDA Group is correct that you have provided the assessment you made. The calculation is good and presentation too. However, you should analyze the weakness and strength of your analysis that make aware the company about the risk associated with decision that helps them in making effective decision. Overall, your performance is outstanding. Feedback to Nicole Hinton: Nicole, I think you have done good analysis of the ratios in first part but the calculation is missing that weaken your presentation. Apart from this, the economic profit and capital investment decision are missing in your assignment. You should have calculated the economic profit to shows the performance of the company. Along with this, you should have presented an investment proposal for newzulu and provide a recommendation about the best project. Overall, the several things are still missing in the assignment, which you have to put into. References: Yahoo finance (2016). historical prices. Retrieved from https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=AEF.MIb=24a=06c=2007e=8d=09f=2016g=m Drake, P., and Fabozzi, F. (2012).Analysis of Financial Statements. USA: John Wiley Sons. Edmonds, T., Nair, F., Olds, P. and Edmonds, C. (2015).Fundamental Financial Accounting Concepts. USA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Duchac, J, (2013). Corporate Financial Accounting. USA: Cengage Learning. Tracy, A. (2012). Ratio Analysis Fundamentals: How 17 Financial Ratios Can Allow You to Analyse Any Business on the Planet. Australia: RatioAnalysis.net. Pratt, S. and Grabowski, R. (2010). Cost of Capital: Applications and Examples.USA: John Wiley Sons. Riley, D., Ahmed, I., Debray, T., Willis, H., Noordzij, P., Higgins, J. and Deeks, J., (2015). Summarising and validating test accuracy results across multiple studies for use in clinical practice.Statistics in medicine,34(13), pp.2081-2103. Lara, G., Osma, G. and Penalva, F.,(2011). Conditional conservatism and cost of capital.Review of Accounting Studies,16(2), pp.247-271.